贡嘎山东坡亚高山林区土壤的微形态特征   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

何毓蓉  张保华  周红艺  张丹  程根伟 《山地学报》2003,21(3):281-286

在贡嘎山东坡海拔2200一3600m的亚高山林区，有原始森林(包括成熟林和过熟林)、次生林、新生林和砍伐迹地等林地类型。研究土壤的微形态特征，对了解该区土壤演化及其对生态环境的影响都有重要意义。分别采制上述不同土壤类型或林型下的土壤表层和表下层的原状土祥，制取土壤薄片，进行土壤微形态学比较研究。研究结果表明：贡嘎山亚高山不同土壤或林型下的土壤，在土壤细粒物质、土壤骨骼颗粒和矿物、土壤有机质转化、土壤微结构等微形态特征上都有一定的特点和差异。从这些土壤微形态特征，分析了土壤演化特点和趋势及与生态环境条件演变的关系。  相似文献   

森林生态系统健康评价指标及其在中国的应用   总被引：69，自引：0，他引：69  

肖风劲  欧阳华  傅伯杰  牛海山 《地理学报》2003,58(6):803-809

根据1995～1998年的遥感资料、1980～1997年全国气象资料以及1949～2001年的森林统计资料以及全国300多个森林样地调查资料，在生态系统健康理论基础上，以活力(V)、组织结构(D)和恢复力（R)为评价指标，对中国森林生态系统的健康状况进行了评价，并对中国森林生态系统健康的空间格局进行了分析。我国森林生态系统健康指数高的区域主要分布在热带雨林季雨林以及天然林分布的区域，而蒙新林区和暖温带林区的健康指数较低，且由南到北逐渐降低。温度和降水对森林生态系统健康的空间格局有较大的影响。通过生态系统健康指数与活力、组织结构和抵抗力的相关分析可知，抵抗力对生态系统健康影响最大，其次是组织结构，影响力最小的是活力。  相似文献   

ERS SAR干涉测量技术用于区域尺度森林制图研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李增元  庞勇  陈尔学 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(4):66-70

光学遥感数据由于受云雾的影响，很难在区域尺度上获得时间一致的图像，而微波遥感数据又一直无法提供足够的类型信息。雷达干涉测量技术的出现解决了这一瓶颈问题，雷达干涉相关值影像已经成功地用于土地利用分类。该文论述了干涉土地利用影像(ILU)的生成、基于ILU影像的森林分类方法、大区域ILU影像的几何纠正及镶嵌技术，并利用ERS SAR串行轨道数据生成的ILU影像成功地对我国东北三省进行了森林制图，其分类平均精度在82％以上。  相似文献   

Microbial production of CO2 in red soil in Stone Forest National Park   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LIANGFuyuan SONGLinhua TANGTao 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(2):250-256

Lunan stone forest is a kind of typical karst in China,Which is mainly developed under red soil.In the winter of 1999,three study sites were chosen in stone forest national park according to vegetation cover,geomporphologic location and soil types,CO2 concentration was measured with Gastec punp at different dephts of soil (20,40,60cm) and at the same time soil samples were gatered and soil properties such as soil moisure,pH,soil organic content were analyzed and the total nmuber of viable microbes were counted in laboratory,In the study,dependent variable was chosen as the mean soil log(PCO2),and soil properties were chosen as the independent variables.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the totla amount of microbes and soil moisture are the best indicators of the CO2 production,With the equation LOG(PCO2)=-0.039(TNM)-0.056 (Mo) 1.215 accounting for 86% of the variation of the soil CO2 concentration,where TNM is the total number of microbes in teh soil and Mo is the moisture of soil sample.  相似文献   

Winter stemflow nutrient inputs into a southern New England broadleaved deciduous forest     

Delphis F. Levia  Jr. 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2003,85(1):13-20

Stemflow leaching from the above‐ground vegetative surfaces of broadleaved deciduous canopy trees has been well documented during the growing season. Winter stemflow leaching from the leafless crowns of deciduous trees is less well understood, especially in the context of global climate change. Boreal and northern temperate forests are forecast to have a lower incidence of snow events and an increased frequency of rain and mixed precipitation events. A change in the seasonal precipitation regime may be significant due to linkages among global change, stemflow leaching, and biogeochemical processes. The aim of this paper is to (1) demonstrate the extent of winter stemflow nutrient leaching from deciduous trees; (2) explore how winter stemflow leachate quantity may vary as a function of the type of precipitation event; and (3) quantify the extent to which an increase in the incidence of snow‐to‐rain events would enhance stemflow leaching. Measuring meteorological conditions, stemflow volumes, and stemflow chemistry over two successive winter seasons in New England demonstrated that winter stemflow drainage was significantly enriched compared to the incident bulk precipitation: 162 times greater for K+, 44 times greater for Ca2+, and 29 times greater for Mg2+. Snow‐to‐rain events leached considerably greater quantities of base cations from the deciduous trees than all other types of precipitation events. An increased frequency of snow‐to‐rain events from 13.8% to 25% of winter precipitation events would substantially increase mean stemflow nutrient inputs to the bases of forest trees during winter. Implications for significantly increased winter stemflow leachate inputs, corresponding to an increased incidence of snow‐to‐rain events, include a shift in the biogeographic range of species, delayed leaf emergence, and increased soil respiration.  相似文献   

ERDAS软件在森林资源分类工作中应用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

辛海强  闻辉  张昱 《测绘科学》2003,28(2):39-41

在森林资源分类经营工作的实践中,通过ERDAS软件和3S技术与传统资源调查方法的比较,提出了应用ERDAS软件和3S技术进行资源调查的技术手段具有无可比拟的优势的观点。采用3S技术来完成林业资源分类区划项目,克服了原先调查方法上存在的周期长、工作量大、费时、费力、结果不准确的问题,具有周期短、省时、省力、数据精度高、统计结果准确的优势。ERDAS软件在项目的进行过程中起到了非常重要的作用,有将近80%的工作都是在ERDAS软件中完成的。  相似文献   

Meteorological control on CO2 flux above broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountains   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Guan Dexin  WU Jiabing  YU Guirui  SUN Xiaomin  Zhao Xiaosong  HAN Shijie  JIN Changjie 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z1)

The impacts of temperature, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on CO2 flux above broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains were studied based on eddy covariance and meteorological factors measurements.The results showed that, daytime CO2 flux was mainly controlled by PAR and they fit Michaelis-Menten equation. Meanwhile VPD also had an influence on the daytime flux. Drier air reduced the CO2 assimilation of the ecosystem, the drier the air, the more the reduction of the assimilation. And the forest was more sensitive to VPD in June than that in July and August. The respiration of the ecosystem was mainly controlled by soil temperature and they fit exponential equation. It was found that this relationship was also correlated with seasons; respiration from April to July was higher than that from August to November under the same temperature. Daily net carbon exchange of the ecosystem and the daily mean air temperature fit exponential equation. It was also found that seasonal trend of net carbon exchange was the result of comprehensive impacts of temperature and PAR and so on. These resulted in the biggest CO2 uptake in June and those in July and August were next. Annual carbon uptake of the forest ecosystem in 2003 was -184 gC. m-2.  相似文献   

Estimation and prediction of a 2D lognormal diffusion random field     

R. Gutiérrez  C. Roldán  R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez  J. M. Angulo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(4):258-265

This paper describes techniques for estimation and prediction of two-parameter lognormal diffusion random fields. The drift and diffusion coefficients, which characterize a two-parameter lognormal diffusion under certain conditions, are estimated by maximum likelihood. For data on a regular grid, an alternative method is proposed to estimate the diffusion coefficient. Both of these estimates are compared in several situations. The kriging predictors are formulated involving the drift and diffusion coefficients and the predictions are obtained using the estimates of these coefficients.  相似文献   

An Interactive Sampling Strategy Based on Information Analysis and Ordinary Kriging for Locating Hot Spot Regions     

Shyan-Shu Shieh  Ji-Zheng Chu  Shi-Shang Jang 《Mathematical Geology》2005,37(1):29-48

This study proposes an interactive sampling strategy for locating the hot spot or maximum regions of a concerned attribute in a given area of survey. In the proposed strategy, information analysis is performed based on the ordinary kriging from the existing sample data to suggest a new batch of samples under the criterion of the highest information free energy. The information free energy (F) is a function of information energy (U) and information entropy (S) through F = U - TS, where T is information temperature and is used to coordinate the contribution of U and S to F. Information energy is the value of the concerned attribute, and information entropy is the transformed error variance of kriging and therefore measures the evenness and density of coverage of samples over the area under survey. At early sampling batches, information temperature is high and information entropy dominates the information free energy, and samples are suggested to give an even and dense enough coverage of the whole area under investigation. As samples accumulate, information temperature decreases to enlarge the contribution of information energy, and future samples are taken toward the locations with high attribute values. Two examples demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed sampling strategy in locating the hot spot regions of various fields: (1) a heavy metal contaminated site reproduced by modeling on 55 real field data; (2) a simulated two-dimensional field by the random phase volume (RPV) model. The results show that the proposed strategy, a robust interactive sampling procedure, is able to locate hot spot regions without compromising with the overall profile of an under-survey area.  相似文献   

随机介质热弹性力学模型球坐标问题的解析解   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

康健  梁冰 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(6):49-51

针对随机介质热弹性力学模型,在随机韦泊分布和指数分布下,提出了一种解决随机概率分布用连续函数表示的方法,并推导出该模型球坐标问题的解析解。通过算例,对随机模型与均质模型热应力的区别做了详细研究,结果表明随机概率分布参数m对随机模型的热应力有重要影响。  相似文献